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NUVIGIL improved wakefulness throughout the day

Patients with treated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) taking NUVIGIL experienced significant improvements in wakefulness throughout the day.1


Primary efficacy measure was the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT)2*†

Study drug was taken before 7 am on clinic visit days3

Wakefulness Throughout the Day 9 AM to 3 PM

 

Extended Late Day Time Points 3 PM to 7 PM

*The MWT is an objective assessment of sleepiness that measures the ability of a subject to remain awake. Longer latencies indicate a greater ability to remain awake. Each test session was terminated after 30 minutes if no sleep occurred or immediately after sleep onset.

† Average of 4 evaluations from 9 am to 3 pm.
In patients with OSA, there is no consistent evidence that the 250 mg/day dose confers additional benefit beyond that of the 150 mg/day dose.

§ Average of 3 evaluations from 3 pm to 7 pm.

Data from two 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical studies were pooled for analysis. The pooling of these data was based on similarities in patient population, study design, and treatment duration in the 2 studies. Patients were randomized to receive NUVIGIL 150 mg (n=131) or 250 mg (n=131) or placebo (n=130) daily in the first study and NUVIGIL 150 mg (n=129) or placebo (n=130) daily in the second study.
N values shown represent the number of patients included in the efficacy analysis for each trial.


Patients should be advised that their level of wakefulness may not return to normal. Patients should be frequently reassessed for their degree of sleepiness and, if appropriate, advised to avoid driving or any other potentially dangerous activity.

More than 450,000 prescriptions for NUVIGIL have been filled since 2009 [ref:5]

Also of interest:

For patient assessment, download the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.

Could snoring be something more serious? Download the STOP Screener, the OSA patient screener.


Important Information for Physicians

Indications

NUVIGIL® (armodafinil) is indicated to improve wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSA), shift work sleep disorder (SWD) and narcolepsy.

In OSA, NUVIGIL is indicated as an adjunct to standard treatment(s) for the underlying obstruction. If continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the treatment of choice, the encouragement of and periodic assessment of CPAP compliance is necessary and a maximal effort to treat with CPAP for an adequate period of time should be made prior to initiating NUVIGIL. Careful attention to the diagnosis and treatment of the underlying sleep disorder(s) is important. Prescribers should be aware that some patients may have more than one sleep disorder contributing to their excessive sleepiness.

Important Safety Information

Warnings

Serious rash requiring hospitalization and discontinuation of treatment has been reported in adults in association with the use of armodafinil and in adults and children in association with use of modafinil, a racemic mixture of S and R modafinil (the latter is armodafinil, the active ingredient in NUVIGIL).

No serious skin rashes have been reported in adult clinical trials (0 per 1,595) of armodafinil. However, cases of serious rash have been reported in adults in postmarketing experience. Because armodafinil is the R isomer of modafinil, a similar risk of serious rash in pediatric patients with armodafinil cannot be ruled out.

In clinical trials of modafinil, the incidence of rash resulting in discontinuation was approximately 0.8% (13 per 1,585) in pediatric patients; these rashes included 1 case of possible Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and 1 case of apparent multi-organ hypersensitivity reaction. Several of the cases were associated with fever and other abnormalities (e.g., vomiting, leukopenia). No serious skin rashes have been reported in adult clinical trials of modafinil. Rare cases of serious or life-threatening rash, including SJS, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) and Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) have been reported in adults and children in postmarketing experience with modafinil.

Although benign rashes occur with NUVIGIL, it is not possible to reliably predict which rashes will prove to be serious. NUVIGIL should ordinarily be discontinued at the first sign of rash unless the rash is clearly not drug-related.

NUVIGIL has not been studied in pediatric patients in any setting and is not approved for use in pediatric patients for any indication.

One serious case of angioedema and one case of hypersensitivity (with rash, dysphagia, and bronchospasm) were observed among patients treated with NUVIGIL. Patients should be advised to discontinue therapy and immediately report to their physician any signs or symptoms suggesting angioedema or anaphylaxis.

Multi-organ hypersensitivity reactions, including at least 1 fatality postmarketing, have occurred in close temporal association to the initiation of modafinil. If a multi-organ hypersensitivity reaction is suspected, NUVIGIL should be discontinued.

Patients should be advised that their level of wakefulness may not return to normal. Patients should be frequently reassessed for their degree of sleepiness and, if appropriate, advised to avoid driving or any other potentially dangerous activity.

Psychiatric adverse experiences have been reported in patients treated with modafinil. Postmarketing adverse events associated with the use of modafinil have included mania, delusions, hallucinations, suicidal ideation and aggression, some resulting in hospitalization. In controlled trials in adults administered NUVIGIL, psychiatric symptoms resulting in treatment discontinuation were anxiety, agitation, nervousness, and irritability. Caution should be exercised when NUVIGIL is given to patients with a history of psychosis, depression, or mania. Consider discontinuing NUVIGIL if psychiatric symptoms develop.

Precautions

  • Although NUVIGIL has not been shown to produce functional impairment, any drug affecting the CNS may alter judgment, thinking or motor skills. Patients should be cautioned about operating an automobile or other hazardous machinery until reasonably certain that NUVIGIL therapy will not adversely affect their ability to engage in such activities.
  • Patients with a recent history of myocardial infarction or unstable angina should be treated with caution. NUVIGIL should not be used in patients with a history of left ventricular hypertrophy or in patients with mitral valve prolapse who have experienced mitral valve prolapse syndrome when previously receiving CNS stimulants. There were also a greater proportion of patients on NUVIGIL requiring new or increased use of antihypertensive medications compared to patients on placebo. Increased monitoring of blood pressure may be appropriate in patients on NUVIGIL.
  • NUVIGIL may interact with drugs that inhibit, induce, or are metabolized by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes.
  • The effectiveness of steroidal contraceptives may be reduced when used with NUVIGIL and for one month after discontinuation of therapy.
  • The concomitant use of NUVIGIL and alcohol has not been studied and should be avoided.

Common Adverse Reactions

In clinical trials, the most commonly reported adverse events (≥5%) were headache, nausea, dizziness, and insomnia. Most adverse experiences were rated as mild to moderate.

Drug Abuse and Dependence

NUVIGIL is a Schedule IV drug. Although the abuse potential of NUVIGIL has not been studied, its abuse potential is likely to be similar to that of modafinil. Modafinil produces psychoactive and euphoric effects, alterations in mood, perception, thinking and feelings typical of other CNS stimulants. Physicians should follow patients closely, especially those with a history of drug and/or stimulant abuse.

Please see full prescribing information for NUVIGIL.

 

References: 1. NUVIGIL [package insert]. Frazer, PA: Cephalon, Inc; 2010. 2. Roth T, White D, Schmidt-Nowara W, et al. Effects of armodafinil in the treatment of residual excessive sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome: a 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in nCPAP-adherent adults. Clin Ther. 2006;28(5):689-706. 3. Hirshkowitz M, Black JE, Wesnes K, Niebler G, Arora S, Roth T. Adjunct armodafinil improves wakefulness and memory in obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. Respir Med. 2007;101(3):616-627. 4. Data on file. Cephalon, Inc. 5. IMS HEALTH National Prescription Audit PlusTM (June 2009-February 2010).